Jupiter's Travels

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I don’t believe in God”, Ted says. “So, the book is really my afterlife. That’s where I’ll go when I die.” Trachenko, K.; Brazhkin, V. V.; Bolmatov, D. (March 2014). "Dynamic transition of supercritical hydrogen: Defining the boundary between interior and atmosphere in gas giants". Physical Review E. 89 (3): 032126. arXiv: 1309.6500. Bibcode: 2014PhRvE..89c2126T. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.032126. PMID 24730809. S2CID 42559818. 032126. von Boetticher, Alexander; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Queloz, Didier; Gill, Sam; Lendl, Monika; Delrez, Laetitia; Anderson, David R.; Collier Cameron, Andrew; Faedi, Francesca; Gillon, Michaël; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Hebb, Leslie; Hellier, Coel; Jehin, Emmanuël; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Martin, David V.; Pepe, Francesco; Pollacco, Don; Ségransan, Damien; Smalley, Barry; Udry, Stéphane; West, Richard (August 2017). "The EBLM project. III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604: 6. arXiv: 1706.08781. Bibcode: 2017A&A...604L...6V. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. S2CID 54610182. L6.

He went on to tell us, “One of the aims of The Ted Simon Foundation is to encourage overlanders to travel with the ambition to learn about the places they are travelling through. There is no better way to get to know people and their culture than to live and perhaps even work with them for a while. Most overlanders stumble across opportunities, but I want to encourage them to travel with intent.” He rounded that comment off with this, “The dumbest question I get asked is ‘why did you do your four year journey’? Why would you not want to know what’s going on in the world?” Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; etal. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 262 (21): 21. arXiv: 2208.12720. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. S2CID 251864022.

A Lifetime of Journeys and Interruptions

The Great Red Spot may have been observed as early as 1664 by Robert Hooke and in 1665 by Cassini, although this is disputed. The pharmacist Heinrich Schwabe produced the earliest known drawing to show details of the Great Red Spot in 1831. [153] The Red Spot was reportedly lost from sight on several occasions between 1665 and 1708 before becoming quite conspicuous in 1878. [154] It was recorded as fading again in 1883 and at the start of the 20th century. [155] which details his search for his mother's and, particularly, his father's roots in Eastern Europe. This time he mainly walked and caught public transport between Kaliningrad and Romania. This was not long after the Communist regimes in Russia, Poland, Ukraine and Romania had fallen. The first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter was the Galileo mission, which reached the planet on December 7, 1995. [61] It remained in orbit for over seven years, conducting multiple flybys of all the Galilean moons and Amalthea. The spacecraft also witnessed the impact of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 when it collided with Jupiter in 1994. Some of the goals for the mission were thwarted due to a malfunction in Galileo's high-gain antenna. [176] Kim, S. J.; Caldwell, J.; Rivolo, A. R.; Wagner, R. (1985). "Infrared Polar Brightening on Jupiter III. Spectrometry from the Voyager 1 IRIS Experiment". Icarus. 64 (2): 233–248. Bibcode: 1985Icar...64..233K. doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(85)90201-5.

Naming of Astronomical Objects". International Astronomical Union. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013 . Retrieved March 23, 2022. This is one of those rare cases where time really is money," then-associate administer of NASA's Science Mission Directorate John Grunsfeld told members of Congress in July 2015. Theoretical models indicate that if Jupiter had over 40% more mass, the interior would be so compressed that its volume would decrease despite the increasing amount of matter. For smaller changes in its mass, the radius would not change appreciably. [60] As a result, Jupiter is thought to have about as large a diameter as a planet of its composition and evolutionary history can achieve. [61] The process of further shrinkage with increasing mass would continue until appreciable stellar ignition was achieved. [62] Although Jupiter would need to be about 75 times more massive to fuse hydrogen and become a star, [63] its diameter is sufficient as the smallest red dwarf may be only slightly larger in radius than Saturn. [64] Davis, Andrew M.; Turekian, Karl K. (2005). Meteorites, comets, and planets. Treatise on geochemistry. Vol.1. Elsevier. p.624. ISBN 978-0-08-044720-9.Anyone who studies physics or math is familiar with graphs of velocity against time, and they’re familiar with integral calculus, where you compute areas under curves — you compute areas under figures — and if you do that with velocity against time, you get distance traveled by the body,” says astronomical historian Mathieu Ossendrijver. “In modern physics, it’s really unthinkable not to have this method of having integral calculus. It’s just so central to modern physics and modern math.” Ancient Mystery Solved By mass, Jupiter's atmosphere is approximately 76% hydrogen and 24% helium, though, because helium atoms are more massive than hydrogen molecules, Jupiter's upper atmosphere is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium by volume. [42] The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of methane, water vapour, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds as well as fractional amounts of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. [43] The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. [44] Through infrared and ultraviolet measurements, trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons have also been found. [45] The interior of Jupiter contains denser materials—by mass it is roughly 71% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 5% other elements. [46] [47]

Originally Ted had thought he’d be able to copy and paste sections out of Jupiter’s Travels, but he soon realised something important. “Simply trying to match the words would be a missed opportunity.” It was at this stage that the project really came to life for him. The photos were going to allow Ted the chance to write about things that have never been published. Jupiter’s Travels In Camera gives a whole new layer to the journey recounted in Jupiter’s Travels and Riding High.

Jupiter's rotation is the fastest of all the Solar System's planets, completing a rotation on its axis in slightly less than ten hours; this creates an equatorial bulge easily seen through an amateur telescope. Because Jupiter is not a solid body, its upper atmosphere undergoes differential rotation. The rotation of Jupiter's polar atmosphere is about 5minutes longer than that of the equatorial atmosphere. [133] The planet is an oblate spheroid, meaning that the diameter across its equator is longer than the diameter measured between its poles. [84] On Jupiter, the equatorial diameter is 9,276km (5,764mi) longer than the polar diameter. [2] It was just hard work to write it well. I find writing really quite hard work and I pay a lot of attention to detail. The construction of the sentences and the paragraphs and the general form of the book, that’s what’s hard to do. But getting the truth on paper is a technical problem not a moral one. I found it not at all hard to write about how I felt at different times. The nice things I did, the shameful things I did, the surprising things I did. That was easy for me to write about.” a b c d e f g h How the Universe Works 3. Vol.Jupiter: Destroyer or Savior?. Discovery Channel. 2014. The title of Jupiter’s Travels has its origins in an encounter Ted had at an Indian wedding with a man said to be a clairvoyant and a seer who could read a man’s soul and destiny. This man took Ted’s hand and told the traveller he had a determined soul and mind, before telling him “You are Jupiter”. Somewhat ironically for someone who doesn’t believe in the afterlife, Jupiter is often referred to in Hindu mythology as the guide or teacher of the Gods. Souami, D.; Souchay, J. (July 2012). "The solar system's invariable plane". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 543: 11. Bibcode: 2012A&A...543A.133S. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219011. A133.

Because the orbit of Jupiter is outside that of Earth, the phase angle of Jupiter as viewed from Earth is always less than 11.5°; thus, Jupiter always appears nearly fully illuminated when viewed through Earth-based telescopes. It was only during spacecraft missions to Jupiter that crescent views of the planet were obtained. [138] A small telescope will usually show Jupiter's four Galilean moons and the prominent cloud belts across Jupiter's atmosphere. A larger telescope with an aperture of 4–6 inches (10–15cm) will show Jupiter's Great Red Spot when it faces Earth. [139] [140] History Pre-telescopic research Model in the Almagest of the longitudinal motion of Jupiter (☉) relative to Earth (🜨) I didn’t have any problem thinking that I could ride a motorcycle because millions of people, including presumably millions of idiots, were doing it, so I didn’t see why I should have trouble. But, of course, I had no idea what it would be like to ride a bike in bad conditions. And, I had absolutely no idea what those bad conditions would be except that I knew there would be desert somewhere. I had no idea how to do that and I never had time to find out before I started. It would have been useful to have someone to tell me how to ride across sand, but I never had time to learn, or mud, or any of those things.” The Great Red Spot is larger than the Earth. [111] Mathematical models suggest that the storm is stable and will be a permanent feature of the planet. [112] However, it has significantly decreased in size since its discovery. Initial observations in the late 1800s showed it to be approximately 41,000km (25,500mi) across. By the time of the Voyager flybys in 1979, the storm had a length of 23,300km (14,500mi) and a width of approximately 13,000km (8,000mi). [113] Hubble observations in 1995 showed it had decreased in size to 20,950km (13,020mi), and observations in 2009 showed the size to be 17,910km (11,130mi). As of 2015 [update], the storm was measured at approximately 16,500 by 10,940km (10,250 by 6,800mi), [113] and was decreasing in length by about 930km (580mi) per year. [111] [114] In October 2021, a Juno flyby mission measured the depth of the Great Red Spot, putting it at around 300–500 kilometres (190–310mi). [115] a b c d Simon, J. L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (February 1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 282 (2): 663–683. Bibcode: 1994A&A...282..663S. Astrodynamic Constants". JPL Solar System Dynamics. February 27, 2009. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019 . Retrieved August 8, 2007.Jones, Alexander (1999). Astronomical papyri from Oxyrhynchus. American Philosophical Society. pp.62–63. ISBN 978-0-87169-233-7. It is now possible to trace the medieval symbols for at least four of the five planets to forms that occur in some of the latest papyrus horoscopes ([ P.Oxy. ] 4272, 4274, 4275 [...]). That for Jupiter is an obvious monogram derived from the initial letter of the Greek name. I’ll certainly pass Jupiter’s Travels on to my children just as my dad did to me so that, in my family, and in plenty of others I’m sure, Jupiter and the story of his travels will continue to live on, teach and guide future generations for many years to come. In fact, modern researchers don’t even know exactly where the tablets came from. They were shipped en masse to the British Museum from Iraq during the late 1800s, at a time when archaeology was mostly about treasure hunting rather than science. No one at the time bothered to record whether the tablets had been found in the ruins of a temple, a government building or a Babylonian scholar’s private library. It’s impossible to know who used these astronomical calculations, or for what purpose. Perhaps most famously Ewan McGregor, of Long Way Round fame, cited Jupiter’s Travels as his inspiration to travel on two wheels. In short, Ted is a hero to many of us adventure bikers, as well as plenty of people who choose to explore the world. Beginning in 1973, several spacecraft performed planetary flyby manoeuvres that brought them within observation range of Jupiter. The Pioneer missions obtained the first close-up images of Jupiter's atmosphere and several of its moons. They discovered that the radiation fields near the planet were much stronger than expected, but both spacecraft managed to survive in that environment. The trajectories of these spacecraft were used to refine the mass estimates of the Jovian system. Radio occultations by the planet resulted in better measurements of Jupiter's diameter and the amount of polar flattening. [55] :47 [171]