Vtech 80-122400 Switch & Go Dinos - Horns the Triceratops, Ages 3-8

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Marsh, O.C. (1888). "A new family of horned Dinosauria, from the Cretaceous". American Journal of Science. 36 (216): 477–478. Bibcode: 1888AmJS...36..477M. doi: 10.2475/ajs.s3-36.216.477. S2CID 130243398. Archived from the original on February 18, 2020 . Retrieved October 19, 2021. These new finds have been vital in illustrating the origins of ceratopsians in general, suggesting an Asian origin in the Jurassic and the appearance of truly horned ceratopsians by the beginning of the Late Cretaceous in North America. [31]

Sakagami, Rina; Kawabe, Soichiro (2020). "Endocranial anatomy of the ceratopsid dinosaur Triceratops and interpretations of sensory and motor function". PeerJ. 8: e9888. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9888. PMC 7505063. PMID 32999761. These dinosaurs likely lived in dry, forested areas and plains where vegetation was plentiful. Ferns, cycads, and palms, were likely plentiful in these habitats. Distribution of the Triceratops It is likely Triceratops' horns and frill were used in combat against other Triceratops, as well as for visual display (mating, communication and species recognition), according to a 2009 PLOS ONE study. The skull also featured a pair of supraorbital "brow" horns approximately 1 meter (3.3ft) long, with one above each eye. [32] [33] The jugal bones pointed downward at the rear sides of the skull and were capped by separate epijugals. With Triceratops, these were not particularly large and sometimes touched the quadratojugals. The bones of the skull roof were fused and by a folding of the frontal bones, a "double" skull roof was created. In Triceratops, some specimens show a fontanelle, an opening in the upper roof layer. The cavity between the layers invaded the bone cores of the brow horns. [31]Farlow, J. O.; Thompson, C. V.; Rosner, D. E. (1976). "Plates of the dinosaur Stegosaurus: Forced convection heat loss fins?". Science. 192 (4244): 1123–5. Bibcode: 1976Sci...192.1123F. doi: 10.1126/science.192.4244.1123. PMID 17748675. S2CID 44506996. Behind the paired horns was a flattened, bony frill. Their bodies were stout, and they walked on all four of their limbs. Including their tail, these dinosaurs measured approximately 26 ft. in length. Interesting Facts About the Triceratops a b Longrich, N. R.; Tokaryk, T.; Field, D. J. (2011). "Mass extinction of birds at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (37): 15253–15257. Bibcode: 2011PNAS..10815253L. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1110395108. PMC 3174646. PMID 21914849.

As described above, Scannella had argued in 2010 that Nedoceratops should be considered a synonym of Triceratops. [29] Farke (2011) maintained that it represents a valid distinct genus. [88] Longrich agreed with Scannella about Nedoceratops and made a further suggestion that the recently described Ojoceratops was likewise a synonym. The fossils, he argued, are indistinguishable from the Triceratops horridus specimens that were previously attributed to the defunct species Triceratops serratus. With time, the idea that the differing skulls might be representative of individual variation within one (or two) species gained popularity. In 1986, John Ostrom and Peter Wellnhofer published a paper in which they proposed that there was only one species, Triceratops horridus. [18] Part of their rationale was that there are generally only one or two species of any large animal in a region. To their findings, Thomas Lehman added the old Lull–Sternberg lineages combined with maturity and sexual dimorphism, suggesting that the T. horridus–T. prorsus–T. brevicornus lineage was composed of females, the T. calicornis–T. elatus lineage was made up of males, and the T. obtusus–T. hatcheri lineage was of pathologic old males. [19] a b c Fujiwara, Shin-Ichi (December 12, 2009). "A reevaluation of the manus structure in Triceratops (Ceratopsia: Ceratopsidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (4): 1136–1147. Bibcode: 2009JVPal..29.1136F. doi: 10.1671/039.029.0406. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86519018. Gauthier, J. A. (1986). "Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight, K. Padian (ed.)". Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences. 8: 1–55.Cope, E.D. (1872). "On the existence of Dinosauria in the Transition Beds of Wyoming". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 12: 481–483. Evans, D. C.; Larson, D. W.; Currie, P. J. (2013). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest Cretaceous of North America". Naturwissenschaften. 100 (11): 1041–1049. Bibcode: 2013NW....100.1041E. doi: 10.1007/s00114-013-1107-5. PMID 24248432. S2CID 14978813.