The hopeful Little Leopard

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Shahid, J. (2020). "Three families of common leopard live in Margalla Hills". Dawn . Retrieved 5 May 2020. Jnawali, S.R.; Baral, H.S.; Lee, S.; Acharya, K.P.; Upadhyay, G.P.; Pandey, M.; Shrestha, R.; Joshi, D.; Laminchhane, B.R.; Griffiths, J.; Khatiwada, A.P.; Subedi, N. & Amin, R. (2011). " Panthera pardus (Schlegel, 1857)". The Status of Nepal Mammals (PDF). The National Red List Series. Kathmandu, Nepal: Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. pp.84–85. ISBN 9780900881602.

Harihar, A.; Pandav, B.; Goyal, S. P. (2011). "Responses of leopard Panthera pardus to the recovery of a tiger Panthera tigris population". Journal of Applied Ecology. 48 (3): 806–814. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.01981.x. Groves, C. P. (1997). "Leopard-cats, Prionailurus bengalensis (Carnivora: Felidae) from Indonesia and the Philippines, with the description of two new subspecies". Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 62: 330–338. Bhutan Biodiversity User List (PDF). National Environment Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan. 2021. ISBN 9789998046023.

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Thesiger, W. (1949). "A Further Journey across the Empty Quarter". The Geographical Journal. 113 (113): 21–44. doi: 10.2307/1788902. JSTOR 1788902. Both models agree in the rusty-spotted cat ( P. rubiginosus) having been the first cat of this evolutionary lineage that genetically diverged, followed by the flat-headed cat ( P. planiceps) and then the fishing cat ( P. viverrinus). [20] [22] It is estimated to have diverged together with the leopard cat between 4.31to1.74 million years ago [20] and 4.25to0.02 million years ago. [22]

Zehra, N.; Chaudhary, R.; Khan, J. A. "Ecology of Leopard ( Panthera pardus fusca Meyer) in Dry Tropical Forests of Gir National Park and Sanctuary, Gujarat, India". International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 45 (3): 241–255. Robbins, N. (2013). "Breeds of Domestic Cats: Bengal". Domestic Cats: Their History, Breeds and Other Facts. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p.115−119. ISBN 9781300695424. Archived from the original on 2022-04-17 . Retrieved 2020-11-14. Biquand, S. (1990). "Short review of the status of the Arabian leopard, Panthera pardus nimr, in the Arabian Peninsula". In Shoemaker, A. (ed.). International Leopard Studbook. Columbia: Riverbanks Zoological Park. pp.8−10. In the Japanese archipelago, the leopard cat is currently restricted to the islands of Iriomote and Tsushima. [14] [31] Fossils excavated dating to the Pleistocene period suggest a broader distribution in the past. [32] Ecology and behaviour [ edit ] A leopard cat photographed in the Sundarbans, India An alert leopard cat

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Athreya, V. (2012). Conflict resolution and leopard conservation in a human dominated landscape (PhD). Manipal University. hdl: 10603/5431 . Retrieved 29 March 2013. in Nepal: more than 40 leopards were reported killed by humans every year, e.g. 243 poached leopards between May 2002 and May 2008; [54] [55] [63] [64] [65] Kumar, P.; Chandel, S.; Kumar, V.; Sankhyan, V. (2017). "Leopard–Human Conflict Led Casualties and Conservation Awareness Campaign in Shivalik Hills of Northern India". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 87 (3): 893−898. doi: 10.1007/s40011-015-0653-3. S2CID 25553974. The first Arabian leopards were captured in southern Oman and registered in the studbook in 1985. Captive breeding was initiated in 1995 at the Oman Mammal Breeding Centre and is operated at a regional level on the Arabian Peninsula. Since 1999, the regional studbook is coordinated and managed by personnel of the Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife in Sharjah. [42] As of 2010 [update], nine institutions participated in the breeding programme and kept 42 males, 32 females, and three unsexed leopards, of which 19 were wild caught. This captive population comprised 14 founders that have an unequal number of descendants. [43]

Leopard cats can swim, but seldom do so. They produce a similar range of vocalisations to the domestic cat. Both sexes scent mark their territory by spraying urine, leaving faeces in exposed locations, head rubbing, and scratching. [5] Diet [ edit ] The babies’ sense of smell is critical to their survival because it helps them know when their mother is nearby. If the mother is out of the den on a hunt, the cubs must stay quiet to avoid attracting predators.

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In Oman, leopards were reported to have occurred in the Hajar Mountains until the late 1970s. [7] The largest confirmed sub-population inhabits the Dhofar Mountains in the country's southeast. In the Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve, 17 individual adult leopards were identified between 1997 and 2000 using camera traps. [18] Leopards were also sighted in the Musandam Peninsula, [7] particularly Ras Musandam. [9] The home range of Arabian leopards in this reserve is roughly estimated at 350km 2 (140sqmi) for males and 250km 2 (97sqmi) for females. [17] The Dhofar mountain range is considered the best habitat for leopards in the country. This rugged terrain provides shelters, shade and trapped water, and harbors a wide variety of prey species, in particular in escarpments and narrow wadis. [19]

Mori, T. (1922). "On some new Mammals from Korea and Manchuria". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology. Ninth. X: 609–610. Thapa, K.; Pradhan, N. M. B.; Berker, J.; Dhakal, M.; Bhandari, A. R.; Gurung, G. S.; Rai, D. P.; Thapa, G. J.; Shrestha, S. & Singh, G. R. (2013). "High elevation record of a leopard cat in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal". Cat News (58): 26–27. As urban areas expanded, the natural habitats of leopards shrunk resulting in leopards venturing into urbanized areas due to easy access of domestic food sources. [69] Karnataka has a high number of such conflicts. [70] [71] a b c Judas, J.; Paillat, P.; Khoja, A.; Boug, A. (2006). "Status of the Arabian leopard in Saudi Arabia" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 1): 11–19. The Two Leopard Cats – Researchers previously believed that the cats of this species in mainland Asia were the same species as those in Malaysia and the surrounding islands. Using genetic researcher, scientists have now classified the Sunda Leopard Cat as a separate species from the “Mainland” Leopard Cat.Roberts, T. J. (1977). " Panthera pardus". The Mammals of Pakistan. London: Ernest Benn. pp.153–155. ISBN 0510399002. Newborn leopard cubs are born entirely without spots. Instead, they have soft and fluffy grey coats. They won’t start developing the characteristic leopard markings until they are around ten days old. #2 All Leopard Cubs Are Born With Blue Eyes Masuda, R.; Yoshida, M. C. (1995). "Two Japanese wildcats, the Tsushima cat and the Iriomote cat, show the same mitochondrial DNA lineage as the leopard cat Felis bengalensis". Zoological Science. 12 (5): 655–659. doi: 10.2108/zsj.12.655. PMID 8590833. S2CID 31111378. Ghimirey, Y.; Ghimire, B. (2010). "Leopard Cat at high altitude in Makalu-Barun National Park, Nepal". Cat News (52): 16–17.