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Outside Ireland, Jacobitism was strongest in the western Scottish Highlands, Perthshire and Aberdeenshire, and areas of Northern England with a high proportion of Catholics such as western Lancashire, Northumberland and County Durham. [3] Sympathisers were also present in parts of Wales, the West Midlands and South West England, to some degree overlapping with areas that were strongly Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The movement had an international dimension; several European powers sponsored the Jacobites as an extension of larger conflicts, while many Jacobite exiles served in foreign armies. Jacobite cavalry was small in number in 1745-6 and were restricted largely to scouting and other typical light cavalry duties. Despite this, the units that were raised arguably performed better in this role during the campaign than the regulars opposing them. [85] All except one of the 'regiments' comprised two troops and were over-officered to an even greater degree than the infantry, [85] as commissions were used to reward Jacobite support. Lenman, Bruce (1980). The Jacobite Risings in Britain 1689–1746. Methuen Publishing. ISBN 978-0413396501.
Lochiel's regiment was drawn from his own tenantry. It formed the bulk of Charles's initial support, although some men were subsequently sent home as they had no weapons. [73] At its greatest strength, it included about 700 men, including recruits raised by Ludovic Cameron of Torcastle while the main army was in England. It suffered heavy losses at Culloden, but was not disbanded until late April or May 1746. a b "The 'Lion Rampant' Flag". Edinburgh: The Court of the Lord Lyon. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011 . Retrieved 28 December 2008. Rents were held at a low level due to this expectation and few tenants had written leases, increasing the pressure on them to comply.Lochiel and Keppoch were among those alleged to have used threats of violence or eviction to conscript their tenants. [47] Lochiel's main agent in this process was his younger brother Archibald Cameron; on his return from exile in 1753, he was allegedly betrayed by Cameron clansmen in revenge and later executed. [48] Flag of the Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Council of the Western Isles), sometimes used to represent the Outer Hebrides as a whole. The single most common issue for Scots volunteers was opposition to the 1707 Union between Scotland and England; [28] after 1708, the exiled Stuarts explicitly appealed to this segment of society. [33] They included James Hepburn of Keith, a fierce critic of both Catholicism and James II who viewed Union as 'humiliating to his country....' [34]
Houlding, John Alan (1978). The Training of the British Army 1715-1795 (PDF). King's College London PHD. p.252 . Retrieved 15 March 2019.
How did the colours come into the museum collection?
A flag diagonally divided by white and red - white in the top and fly, red in the hoist and bottom.
As with the cavalry, the Jacobite artillery was small and under-resourced, but was better organised than traditionally depicted. For most of the campaign it was led by a French regular, Captain James Grant of the Regiment Lally. Grant arrived in October 1745 along with 12 French gunners, who were intended to train new recruits. At Edinburgh, he organised two companies of Perth's regiment as gunners, and later drafted a group from the Manchester Regiment as a pioneer company.
a b c d e f g Bartram, Graham. "United Kingdom Royal and vice-regal flags". Ruislip: The World Flag Database. His religion made James popular among Irish Catholics, whose position had not improved under his brother. By 1685, Catholic land ownership had fallen to 22%, versus 90% in 1600, and after 1673, a series of proclamations deprived them of the right to bear arms or hold public office. [18] The Catholic Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1687, and began building a Catholic establishment that could survive James. Fearing a short reign, Tyrconnell moved at a speed that destabilised all three kingdoms. [19] James left Ireland after defeat at the Boyne in 1690, telling his supporters to "shift for themselves". [68] This led some to depict him as "Séamus an chaca", "James of the shit", who had deserted his loyal followers. [69] However, Gaelic scholar Breandán Ó Buachalla claims his reputation subsequently recovered as "the rightful king...destined to return' and upper-class Irish Jacobite writers like Charles O'Kelly and Nicholas Plunkett blamed "corrupt English and Scottish advisors" for his apparent desertion. [70]
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