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All applicable customs and import duties and any other charges are the responsibility of the customer. For decades, the bicarbonate buffering system has been a target of ergogenic supplements and interventions, primarily using oral loading of exogenous sodium bicarbonate in the hours to days preceding an intense exercise bout ( Galloway and Maughan, 1996; Marx et al., 2002; Carr et al., 2011; Calvo et al., 2021). While oral sodium bicarbonate loading increases blood pH and bicarbonate concentration and can result in improvements in exercise performance ( Hirche et al., 1975; Kesl and Engen, 1998), it has often been associated with performance encumbering gastric distress when consumed at “ergogenic” doses of 0.3g/kg to 0.5g/kg body weight ( Carr et al., 2011). Various strategies of oral loading have been employed to mitigate gastric distress, however, even when split doses are used deleterious side effects often persist ( Oliveira et al., 2017). Let’s look at the results again in a little more detail. Poster presentations from the study reveal DOMS was significantly (P=0.007) reduced following the short intensity series, but this was not observed following the 1-hour time trial session. The reductions in heart rate and RPE were significant (P<0.05) for PR Lotion compared to placebo at the 15-minute mark of the 1-hour time trial, but not at any other time points (i.e., at 30, 45, and 60 minutes). Lactate was significantly (P<0.05) higher after the short intensity series, but no difference was observed after the 1-hour time trial. (Recall, this study was not published in a peer-reviewed journal.)
The current study was designed to explore the effectiveness of PR Lotion as a transdermal delivery vehicle for sodium bicarbonate to skeletal muscle under a resting condition. According to the manufacturer, PR Lotion’s ingredients encapsulate hydrophilic molecules (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) for paracellular delivery, penetrate the stratum corneum, disrupt the junctional proteins of the skin barrier, and transiently create a paracellular pathway for the local delivery of molecular substances into the underlying tissues. While we did not directly test these claims, consistent with our hypothesis, the increase in pH of the intramuscular dialysate and serum are in support of PR Lotion’s proposed function. Indeed, the 0.13 increase in pH in dialysate from a baseline of 6.85 translates to a ∼28% reduction in [H +]. Changes in serum pH were smaller (∼9% reduction in [H+]) yet consistent with the anticipated alkalotic effect of PR Lotion application, increasing pH. From time to time carriers may deliver earlier or later, or on non working days however this is cannot be guaranteed nor should it be expected. As alluded to, this actually wasn’t the first study testing the benefits of PR Lotion. The 2021 trial references another from 2018, which, according to a blog post from the company’s manufacturers, is awaiting submission for publication. However, results from this trial and two related poster presentations are summarized in the blog post, so let’s look at what they found. So what is this magical lotion? It’s essentially nothing more than a topical delivery of sodium bicarbonate, more commonly referred to as baking soda. As it turns out, athletes have used baking soda for decades – it’s one of the most extensively studied ergogenic aids out there. But why would baking soda of all things improve performance?The raw data supporting the conclusion of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation. Ethics statement It is well-known that sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) can boost performance in cyclists (here are articles from the US National Institute of Health and TrainingPeaks on the topic, but Google will bring up many more). The challenge with bicarb is the difficulty of ingestion: it is unpleasant to consume, and if you do it wrong things can go south fast. The TrainingPeaks article above says, “One of the more common side effects is gastrointestinal distress in the form of cramping, vomiting, and diarrhea.” Research has shown the lotion to help athletes complete 25% more high-intensity intervals to exhaustion and reduce DOMS (post-workout muscle soreness) by 53% Taken together, our observations support the idea that transdermal bicarbonate delivery may impact pH buffering both intramuscularly and systemically. In contrast to the observed changes in pH, alterations in [Na +] and [K +] in both intramuscular dialysate and serum were less clear. With PR Lotion application, serum [Na +] was significantly elevated ( Table 2) and tended to decrease in the placebo condition. However, other changes in Na + and K + concentrations were either inconsistent or were observed during both the primary study and the placebo time control ( Table 2). 4.1 Bicarbonate loading
When measuring ion concentrations in small volumes of fluid, occasional values appear outside the normative range of value and may reflect artifactual measurements. These outliers can have an oversized impact on group means when the number of participants is small. As such, we used a standard criterion of z-scores of ±3 to identify and exclude outliers prior to deriving group means and standard errors (SE) or completing statistical analysis. A total of 594 data points were collected across 13 subjects and, of those, 7 were identified as outliers and excluded. Brad Wilkins. Ph.D. is VP of Science and Innovation at Amp Human and Chairman of Amp Human's Scientific Advisory Board. Dr. Wilkins has over 25 years of research experience with over 40 published scientific articles and patents. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Oregon and trained as a post-doctoral fellow at the Mayo Clinic. As an accomplished scientist at Nike, he founded the Nike+ Sport Performance Laboratory, and led the scientific team in Nike’s quest to break the two-hour marathon barrier (Breaking2). You can learn more about him and the rest of our Scientific Advisory Board members here. Comments requesting medical advice will not be responded to, as I am not legally permitted to practice medicine over the internet. Used by Tour de France winners, MTB World Champions, IronMan professionals and marathon world record holdersFollowing baseline sampling, in the primary study, 40g of PR Lotion (Momentous, Park City, UT, United States) was applied by an investigative team member over the entire surface area of each leg from ankle to groin. As PR Lotion is 33% sodium bicarbonate, a total of 26.4g of sodium bicarbonate were applied. For the follow-up placebo control study, 40g of a placebo version of PR Lotion, which included all the ingredients of PR Lotion except for sodium bicarbonate, was applied to each leg. Sodium bicarbonate is a naturally occurring electrolyte in the body and it, along with all of the other ingredients of this lotion, is entirely legal under World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) rules. I recently received a link to a blog post summarizing a 2021 study with such gobstopping results that I must admit my initial reaction was: this seems too good to be true. The title of the study is “PR Lotion significantly improves high-intensity interval performance.” Specifically, the study found more than a 20% improvement in high-intensity interval training to exhaustion in a study of competitive cyclists. Personally, I think Amp Human's claims of 16 per cent more power and being able to complete 25 per cent more max high-intensity intervals is a little ambitious. What I can say is that while using it I seemed less susceptible to cramping during race simulation rides, and consistently produced more power at the end of races and identical turbo interval sessions. We're talking in the region of five per cent rather than the claimed figures, but perceptible and impressive nonetheless. Value and conclusion I finished with a 4 minute jump rope Tabata and again, I was winded, but I didn’t have that same burning sensation in my muscles that I usually do. Consider me skeptically optimistic at this point.
BG, KN, BW, CM, and JH conceived and designed the experiment. BG, KN, BK, and JH performed experiments. BG, KN, and JH analyzed data. BG, CM, and JH interpreted results of experiments. BG and JH prepared figures and tables. BG and JH drafted the manuscript. All authors edited or revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. Funding Delivery timescales are based on working days; Public Holidays, Saturday's and Sunday's are NOT classed as working days.
Sodium bicarbonate is a simple, naturally occurring electrolyte that your body uses to regulate pH. While most people know it as baking soda, sodium bicarbonate has been widely used and researched as a performance aid since the 1930’s. However, there's a catch - when consumed orally, sodium bicarbonate can cause major GI distress, offseting any performance benefits. Using patented technology, PR Lotion delivers sodium bicarbonate directly to your working muscles through your skin, bypassing the gut and eliminating GI distress.
One of the limitations to a white paper like this is that it’s a good example of the sharpshooter fallacy. The term refers to the story of a Texan who shoots holes in the side of the barn and then draws targets around the bullet holes. Another way to put it: it’s important to call your shots before you take them. Trials often presented as hypothesis-testing are actually hypothesis-generating because of this bias. There are two important benefits of increased buffering with sodium bicarbonate delivery through PR Lotion. First, enhanced buffering capacity to limit the negative impact of rapid acid production in the muscle. This can diminish the progression of fatigue during high intensity training session and competitions, thereby enabling high quality training and maintenance of performance during competition. Second, PR Lotion can reduce the sensation of post-exercise or delayed onset muscle soreness. That is, sodium bicarbonate may alleviate post exercise inflammation and edema or swelling following intense training, allowing athletes to recover more effectively and increase “readiness” for subsequent training sessions. Combined, PR Lotion can be an important tool to enhance the quality of training loads, allow effective recovery between training sessions, and enable the maintenance of desired performance outcomes. In a similar study, an elite cycling training center (Source Endurance) in Northern Colorado performed a placebo controlled, blinded, and randomized research study on the performance benefits of PR Lotion. A group of competitive cyclists rode at 140% of a predetermined 20 min time trial power for 30 seconds with 20 seconds of rest; then repeat the interval until exhaustion. They observed a 20% increase in the number of intervals completed before exhaustion when the cyclists used PR Lotion compared to applying a placebo control lotion.The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher’s note Research exploring the impact of PR Lotion on DOMS examined cyclists performing a series of very high intensity exercise conditions, including a ramp protocol of progressively increasing intensity to near maximal exercise, a 30 second sprint, and a 5 min time trail with only 5 min of rest between conditions. The cyclists then completed a muscle soreness survey for 2 days following the exercise session. The findings, presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine in May 2018, demonstrated PR Lotion substantially reduced scores of delayed onset muscle soreness compared to the placebo control lotion. In fact, between the first and second days following the intense exercise session, the cyclists reported a 34% increase in muscle soreness while using the placebo lotion and a 54% decrease in muscle soreness while using the PR Lotion.
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