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The insertion of /j/ after /s/, /t/ and /k/ when followed by /e/, e.g. kjen as opposed to Standard Afrikaans ken. A notable exception to this is the use of the negating grammar form that coincides with negating the English present participle. In this case there is only a single negation. Genom Afrikas långa mångspråkiga historia har afrikanska språk undergått fenomen som språkkontakt, språkexpansion, språkbyte och språkdöd. Ett typexempel är bantuexpansionen, processen då bantutalande folk utbredde sig över större delen av subsahariska Afrika och därmed trängde ut khoisantalande folk i stora delar av Östafrika. Ett annat exempel är den islamiska expansionen under 600-talet e.Kr., som utgjorde början av en period av djupgående arabisk påverkan i Nordafrika. a b c d "Languages — Afrikaans". World Data Atlas. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014 . Retrieved 17 September 2014.

de Swaan, Abram (2001), Words of the world: the global language system, A. de Swaan, ISBN 9780745627489 , retrieved 3 June 2010a b Pienaar, Antoinette; Otto, Hanti (30 October 2012). "Afrikaans groei, sê sensus (Afrikaans growing according to census)". Beeld. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012 . Retrieved 25 March 2013. Döhne, J. L. (1857). A Zulu-Kafir Dictionary, Etymologically Explained... Preceded by an Introduction on the Zulu-Kafir Language. Cape Town: Printed at G.J. Pike's Machine Printing Office. p.87.

de Bruin, George; Cornelius, Eleanor (1 June 2019), " 'My Pen Is in My Hand": 'n Ondersoek na die leksikale aktivering in Engels-Afrikaanse algemene tweetaliges, beroepsvertalers en beroepstolke ('My Pen Is in My Hand": An Investigation of Lexical Activation in English-Afrikaans General Bilinguals, Professional Translators and Professional Interpreters)", Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (in English and Afrikaans), 59 (2): 216–234, doi: 10.17159/2224-7912/2019/v59n2a4, S2CID 202286032 The Niger–Kordofanian language family, joining Niger–Congo with the Kordofanian languages of south-central Sudan, was proposed in the 1950s by Joseph Greenberg. Today, linguists often use "Niger–Congo" to refer to this entire family, including Kordofanian as a subfamily. One reason for this is that it is not clear whether Kordofanian was the first branch to diverge from rest of Niger–Congo. Mande has been claimed to be equally or more divergent. Niger–Congo is generally accepted by linguists, though a few question the inclusion of Mande and Dogon, and there is no conclusive evidence for the inclusion of Ubangian. tjank ('whine like a dog' or 'to cry incessantly'). The latter pronunciation occurs in the common diminutive suffix "-(e)tjie"

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Egil Breivik, Leiv; Håkon Jahr, Ernst (1987), Language change: contributions to the study of its causes, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 9783110119954 , retrieved 19 May 2010 Greenberg etablerar " Tchadspråken" som en separat gren av de afroasiatiska språken, som därmed består av de likaberättigade grenarna semitiska språk, egyptiska, berberspråk, kushitiska språk och Tchadspråk. (De omotiska språken avskiljs senare från de kushitiska genom arbeten av H. Fleming.)

Afrikaans is rooted in seventeenth century dialects of Dutch; see Holm 1989, p.338, Geerts & Clyne 1992, p.71, Mesthrie 1995, p.214, Niesler, Louw & Roux 2005, p.459.

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Baker, Colin; Prys Jones, Sylvia (1997), Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education, Multilingual Matters Ltd., ISBN 9781853593628 , retrieved 19 May 2010 Alant, Jaco (2004), Parlons Afrikaans (in French), Éditions L'Harmattan, ISBN 9782747576369 , retrieved 3 June 2010 Retrieved 12 April 2010". 101languages.net. 26 August 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010 . Retrieved 22 September 2010. Afrikaans-language cinema showed signs of new vigour in the early 21st century. The 2007 film Ouma se slim kind, the first full-length Afrikaans movie since Paljas in 1998, is seen as the dawn of a new era in Afrikaans cinema. Several short films have been created and more feature-length movies, such as Poena is Koning and Bakgat (both in 2008) have been produced, besides the 2011 Afrikaans-language film Skoonheid, which was the first Afrikaans film to screen at the Cannes Film Festival. The film Platteland was also released in 2011. [88] The Afrikaans film industry started gaining international recognition via the likes of big Afrikaans Hollywood film stars, like Charlize Theron ( Monster) and Sharlto Copley ( District 9) promoting their mother tongue.