AZ FLAG Moscow Flag 3' x 5' for a pole - Moscow in Russia flags 90 x 150 cm - Banner 3x5 ft with hole

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In the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible, there is an image of the banner of Ivan the Terrible in the Kazan campaign – a bifurcated white one with the image of the Saviour and an eight-pointed cross above it. According to other sources, the banner was red instead of white. A copy of this banner, which has been restored many times, is still kept in the Kremlin Armoury.

Russia has an adult literacy rate of 100%, [489] and has compulsory education for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to 17–18. [490] It grants free education to its citizens by constitution. [491] The Ministry of Education of Russia is responsible for primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education; while the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia is responsible for science and higher education. [490] Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. Russia is among the world's most educated countries, and has the sixth-highest proportion of tertiary-level graduates in terms of percentage of population, at 62.1%. [492] It spent roughly 4.7% of its GDP on education in 2018. [493] The history of Russian architecture begins with early woodcraft buildings of ancient Slavs, and the church architecture of Kievan Rus'. [549] Following the Christianization of Kievan Rus', for several centuries it was influenced predominantly by Byzantine architecture. [550] Aristotle Fioravanti and other Italian architects brought Renaissance trends into Russia. [551] The 16th-century saw the development of the unique tent-like churches; and the onion dome design, which is a distinctive feature of Russian architecture. [552] In the 17th-century, the "fiery style" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl, gradually paving the way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1680s. [553] Main articles: Media of Russia and Cinema of Russia Ostankino Tower in Moscow, the tallest freestanding structure in Europe [622]Further information: Economic history of the Russian Federation and Taxation in Russia The Moscow International Business Centre in Moscow. The city has one of the world's largest urban economies. [349] In development of the Third Rome ideas, the grand duke IvanIV ("the Terrible") was officially crowned the first tsar of Russia in 1547. The tsar promulgated a new code of laws ( Sudebnik of 1550), established the first Russian feudal representative body (the Zemsky Sobor), revamped the military, curbed the influence of the clergy, and reorganised local government. [68] During his long reign, Ivan nearly doubled the already large Russian territory by annexing the three Tatar khanates: Kazan and Astrakhan along the Volga, [72] and the Khanate of Sibir in southwestern Siberia. Ultimately, by the end of the 16th century, Russia expanded east of the Ural Mountains. [73] However, the Tsardom was weakened by the long and unsuccessful Livonian War against the coalition of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (later the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), the Kingdom of Sweden, and Denmark–Norway for access to the Baltic coast and sea trade. [74] In 1572, an invading army of Crimean Tatars were thoroughly defeated in the crucial Battle of Molodi. [75] Service Hydrographique et Oceanographique de la Marine (2010) [Album des pavillons: pavillons et marques distinctives]. Альбом национальных флагов (Edition 2000 - Correction n°5 - 2010ed.). Marselle, France: Librairie Maritime Outremer. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Until the 18th-century, music in Russia consisted mainly of church music and folk songs and dances. [561] In the 19th-century, it was defined by the tension between classical composer Mikhail Glinka along with other members of The Mighty Handful, who were later succeeded by the Belyayev circle, [562] and the Russian Musical Society led by composers Anton and Nikolay Rubinstein. [563] The later tradition of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era, was continued into the 20th century by Sergei Rachmaninoff. World-renowned composers of the 20th century include Alexander Scriabin, Alexander Glazunov, [561] Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich, and later Edison Denisov, Sofia Gubaidulina, [564] Georgy Sviridov, [565] and Alfred Schnittke. [564] Russia spent 5.65% of its GDP on healthcare in 2019. [501] Its healthcare expenditure is notably lower than other developed nations. [502] Russia has one of the world's most female-biased sex ratios, with 0.859 males to every female, [10] due to its high male mortality rate. [503] In 2021, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 70.06 years (65.51 years for males and 74.51 years for females), [504] and it had a very low infant mortality rate (5 per 1,000 live births). [505]

a b Pifer, Steven (17 March 2020). "Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation". Brookings Institution . Retrieved 30 November 2021. Douka, K. (2019). "Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave". Nature. 565 (7741): 640–644. Bibcode: 2019Natur.565..640D. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0870-z. PMID 30700871. S2CID 59525455.The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. [578] Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. [579] Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy soon became internationally renowned. Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote prose satire, [580] while Nikolai Leskov is best remembered for his shorter fiction. [581] In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist. [582] Other important 19th-century developments included the fabulist Ivan Krylov, [583] non-fiction writers such as the critic Vissarion Belinsky, [584] and playwrights such as Aleksandr Griboyedov and Aleksandr Ostrovsky. [585] [586] The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. This era had poets such as Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, and Konstantin Balmont. [587] It also produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely. [575] The flag of Moscow, in the Russian Federation, is a dark red banner of arms charged as the arms of the city in the centre. It displays Saint George wearing armor and a blue cape with a golden lance in his right hand riding on a silver horse. He is shown stabbing a zilant with the lance. The legend in which the flag came from originated in Jacobus de Voragine's Golden Legend. Obolensky, Dimitri (1994). Byzantium and the Slavs. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. p.17. ISBN 9780881410082. On 17 June 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee approved a sample image of the flag of the RSFSR, developed on behalf of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Russian SFSR by the graphic artist Sergey Chekhonin. The flag was a red rectangular panel, in the upper corner of which was placed the inscription RSFSR in gold letters stylized as Slavic. This inscription was separated from the rest of the cloth on both sides by gold stripes forming a rectangle. Russia ( Russian: Россия, romanized: Rossiya, [rɐˈsʲijə]), or the Russian Federation, [b] is a country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world by area, extends across eleven time zones, and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. [c] It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow. Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city and "cultural capital". Other major urban areas in the country include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Kazan.

Russia's vast landmass stretches over the easternmost part of Europe and the northernmost part of Asia. [218] It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia; and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, of over 37,653km (23,396mi). [e] [220] Russia lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° E and 169° W, extending some 9,000km (5,600mi) east to west, and 2,500 to 4,000km (1,600 to 2,500mi) north to south. [221] Russia, by landmass, is larger than three continents, [f] and has the same surface area as Pluto. [222] Countries on Russia's " Unfriendly Countries List". The list includes countries that have imposed sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.Football is the most popular sport in Russia. [637] The Soviet Union national football team became the first European champions by winning Euro 1960, [638] and reached the finals of Euro 1988. [639] Russian clubs CSKA Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg won the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008. [640] [641] The Russian national football team reached the semi-finals of Euro 2008. [642] Russia was the host nation for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, [643] and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. [644] However, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions. [645]