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Trauma: Trauma is one of the most common causes of splinter hemorrhages. This can occur when something hurts your nail bed and bursts a blood vessel under it. There are a number of toenail abnormalities that can cause anything from pain to a change in a toenail’s appearance. Vannuchhi, P. (2012, November–December). Melanonychia striata and the evaluation of pigmented nail streaks. Podiatry Management If you have redness and swelling around a nail, you may have an infection. When diagnosed early, you can often treat an infection with soaks and antibiotics. If an open sore forms, you’ll need more extensive treatment. Your doctor may need to lift the nail or perform a partial or complete removal of the nail, depending on the severity of your symptoms. Wearing proper-fitting shoes and trimming your toenails straight across and not too short can help you prevent an ingrown toenail. Toenail trauma

It takes several months for a fungal nail infection to go away. You can help prevent toenail fungus by: Canavan T,et al. (2015). An idiopathic leukonychia totalis and leukonychia partialis casereport and review of the literature. DOI: Morgan Z,et al. (2011). Leukonychia on finger nails as a marker of calcium and/or zincdeficiency. DOI: Have you noticed a change to any of your nails lately? A change in color, texture, or shape can be harmless, but it can also be a sign of disease. If you notice any of the following changes to a fingernail or toenail, it’s time to see a board-certified dermatologist. Transverse melanonychia. This type of melanonychia appears as a band that runs across your nail from one side to the other. What Are the Types of Melanonychia?Onycholysis can cause white discoloration where the nail has lifted from the skin. If infection occurs, the nail may have green or yellow patches. Treatments https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/nail-care-secrets/basics/nail-changes-dermatologist-should-examine Your nail may also crumble and become jagged at the edge, and spread to other toenails. It can also spread to the surrounding skin. When something causes your nail(s) to completely stop growing for a while, you may see a gap. If this happens, you’ll have a place on your nail(s) that’s missing nail. The medical name for this condition is onychomadesis (on-ah-coe-ma-dee-sis).

Melanocytic proliferation. This type of melanonychia is a result of an increased number of melanocyte cells in the nails. The growth of melanocyte cells can be cancerous or noncancerous. What Causes Melanonychia Due to Melanocytic Activation? Gao J, et al. (2020). Clinical observation and follow-up of subungual splinter hemorrhages of toenails in Chinese adults. If a nail starts to lift up so that it’s no longer completely attached, you’ll likely see white discoloration, as shown here. When a nail lifts up, the cause is often:

7 fingernail problems not to ignore

Haber R, et al. (2016). Splinter hemorrhages of the nails: A systematic review of clinical features and associated conditions. Melanonychia due to melanocytic proliferation can be either benign, which means noncancerous, or cancerous. Benign causes of melanocytic proliferation include nevi, which are moles, and lentigo, which are flat, pigmented areas of skin. ‌ Fawcett RS, Hart TM, et al. “Nail abnormalities: Clues to systemic disease.” Am Fam Physician. 2004;69(6):1417-24.

Onycholysis is when a person’s nail starts to separate from their skin. There can be many causes of onycholysis, including: Activities such as running or ballet dancing may also cause trauma to the toenail, as can a poorly performed pedicure. Nail-patella syndrome is a rare condition that affects an estimated one in 50,000 people. It causes changes in the nails, kneecaps, hip bone, and elbows. The most common symptom is underdeveloped or missing fingernails and toenails. It caused by a genetic mutation.A person who has onychogryphosis will need to see a dermatologist or podiatrist to cut their nails. Wearing suitable footwear can also help with onychogryphosis.