M-Wave Kids Carry All A40 Bicycle Trailer - Yellow

Product Information

Gobbo M, Maffiuletti NA, Orizio C, Minetto MA (2014) Muscle motor point identification is essential for optimizing neuromuscular electrical stimulation use. J Neuroeng Rehabil 11:17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-17

The decline in maximal voluntary force (−9%) observed immediately after the 3-min 10% MVC task indicate that such contraction produced muscle fatigue, in agreement with previous observations during low-force contractions ( Søgaard et al., 2006; Smith et al., 2007). Part of this loss of force was due to peripheral factors, as there was a decrease in the amplitude of the resting twitch (~10%) from before to after the contraction. This peripheral fatigue could not be due to an impairment of fiber membrane processes, as both the present results and those of Sjøgaard et al. (1988) indicate that sarcolemmal excitability was preserved throughout the contraction. Therefore, the depression of twitch force was probably caused by altered Ca 2+ handling and/or impairment at the cross bridges level ( Rassier and Macintosh, 2000).

Is the H reflex Monosynaptic?

Abstract. The Hoffmann (H-) reflex is an electrical analogue of the monosynaptic stretch reflex, elicited by bypassing the muscle spindle and directly stimulating the afferent nerve. Studying H-reflex modulation provides insight into how the nervous system centrally modulates stretch reflex responses. How does a reflex arc function? The absence of changes in conduction velocity may appear surprising in view of the fact that voluntary EMG RMS increased during the contraction. Indeed, the increase in EMG RMS suggests that the number of active motor units increased to maintain the target force ( Fallentin et al., 1993), since at low force levels, the discharge rate of the active motor units tends to decrease ( Kamo and Morimoto, 2001; Riley et al., 2008). Thus, conduction velocity may have remained stable due to two factors: (1) very few additional motor units were recruited (in fact, EMG RMS only increased by 10%), and (2) the newly recruited units had a conduction velocity roughly similar to the already active units. M-Wave Duration Masuda T, Miyano H, Sadoyama T (1985) The position of innervation zones in the biceps brachii investigated by surface electromyography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 32:36–42

Bigland-Ritchie B (1981) EMG and fatigue of human voluntary and stimulated contractions. Ciba Found Symp 82:130–156 Farina D, Merletti R, Indino B, Nazzaro M, Pozzo M (2002b) Surface EMG crosstalk between knee extensor muscles: experimental and model results. Muscle Nerve 26(5):681–695. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.10256Levenez M, Kotzamanidis C, Carpentier A, Duchateau J (2005) Spinal reflexes and coactivation of ankle muscles during a submaximal fatiguing contraction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 99(3):1182–1188. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00284.2005