4KG Lava Rocks for Gas BBQ, Fire pit, Aquarium, Chiminea (4KG)

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Tietz, O.; Büchner, J. (29 December 2018). "The origin of the term 'basalt' ". Journal of Geosciences: 295–298. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.273.

Basalt - Wikipedia Basalt - Wikipedia

Lunar basalts differ from their Earth counterparts principally in their high iron contents, which typically range from about 17 to 22 wt% FeO. They also possess a wide range of titanium concentrations (present in the mineral ilmenite), [97] [98] ranging from less than 1 wt% TiO 2, to about 13 wt.%. Traditionally, lunar basalts have been classified according to their titanium content, with classes being named high-Ti, low-Ti, and very-low-Ti. Nevertheless, global geochemical maps of titanium obtained from the Clementine mission demonstrate that the lunar maria possess a continuum of titanium concentrations, and that the highest concentrations are the least abundant. [99]Pinkerton, H; Bagdassarov, N (2004). "Transient phenomena in vesicular lava flows based on laboratory experiments with analogue materials". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 132 (2–3): 115–36. Bibcode: 2004JVGR..132..115B. doi: 10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00341-x. Richthofen, Ferdinand Freiherrn von (1860). "Studien aus den ungarisch-siebenbürgischen Trachytgebirgen"[Studies of the trachyte mountains of Hungarian Transylvania]. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt (Wein) [Annals of the Imperial-Royal Geological Institute of Vienna] (in German). 11: 153–273.

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Class, Cornelia; Goldstein, Steven L. (August 2005). "Evolution of helium isotopes in the Earth's mantle". Nature. 436 (7054): 1107–1112. Bibcode: 2005Natur.436.1107C. doi: 10.1038/nature03930. PMID 16121171. S2CID 4396462.De Fazio, Piero. "Basalt fiber: from earth an ancient material for innovative and modern application". Italian national agency for new technologies, energy and sustainable economic development (in English and Italian). Archived from the original on 17 May 2019 . Retrieved 17 December 2018. their absolute ages can be obtained from various forms of radiometric dating and can be compared to adjacent geological strata, thus permitting calibration of the geological time scale; [4] McEwen, A. S.; etal. (1998). "High-temperature silicate volcanism on Jupiter's moon Io". Science. 281 (5373): 87–90. Bibcode: 1998Sci...281...87M. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5373.87. PMID 9651251. S2CID 28222050. Condie, Kent C. (1997). "Tectonic settings". Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution. pp.69–109. doi: 10.1016/B978-075063386-4/50003-3. ISBN 978-0-7506-3386-4.

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Goldberg, D. S.; Takahashi, T.; Slagle, A. L. (22 July 2008). "Carbon dioxide sequestration in deep-sea basalt". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (29): 9920–9925. Bibcode: 2008PNAS..105.9920G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0804397105. PMC 2464617. PMID 18626013. Most magmas are fully melted only for small parts of their histories. More typically, they are mixes of melt and crystals, and sometimes also of gas bubbles. Melt, crystals, and bubbles usually have different densities, and so they can separate as magmas evolve. Stikine Volcanic Belt: Volcano Mountain". Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes. Archived from the original on 2009-03-07 . Retrieved 23 November 2007. Heinrich, Christoph A. (1 May 1990). "The chemistry of hydrothermal tin(-tungsten) ore deposition". Economic Geology. 85 (3): 457–481. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.85.3.457.A pāhoehoe flow typically advances as a series of small lobes and toes that continually break out from a cooled crust. It also forms lava tubes where the minimal heat loss maintains a low viscosity. The surface texture of pāhoehoe flows varies widely, displaying all kinds of bizarre shapes often referred to as lava sculpture. With increasing distance from the source, pāhoehoe flows may change into ʻaʻā flows in response to heat loss and consequent increase in viscosity. [24] Experiments suggest that the transition takes place at a temperature between 1,200 and 1,170°C (2,190 and 2,140°F), with some dependence on shear rate. [61] [35] Pahoehoe lavas typically have a temperature of 1,100 to 1,200°C (2,010 to 2,190°F). [16] Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nded.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88006-0. Aldred, Cyril (December 1955). "A Statue of King Neferkarē c Ramesses IX". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 41 (1): 3–8. doi: 10.1177/030751335504100102. S2CID 192232554. Basalt generally has a composition of 45–52 wt% SiO 2, 2–5 wt% total alkalis, [6] 0.5–2.0 wt% TiO 2, 5–14 wt% FeO and 14 wt% or more Al 2O 3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt%, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt%. [53] a b Sonder, I; Zimanowski, B; Büttner, R (2006). "Non-Newtonian viscosity of basaltic magma". Geophysical Research Letters. 330 (2): L02303. Bibcode: 2006GeoRL..33.2303S. doi: 10.1029/2005GL024240.