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According to locals, these clashes are unprecedented within these communities, which have long been unified in their struggles against racism and religiously aggravated hate crimes. Brahman exists in two forms – the material form, and the immaterial formless. [69] The material form is changing, unreal. The immaterial formless is not changing, real. The immortal formless is truth, the truth is the Brahman, the Brahman is the light, the light is the Sun which is the syllable Om as the Self. [70] [71] [I] Tensions culminated first in Leicester, with at least 47 people having been arrested to date. Here is the timeline of events: August 28
In Shaiva traditions, the Shiva Purana highlights the relation between deity Shiva and the Pranava or Om. Shiva is declared to be Om, and that Om is Shiva. [97] Because Therevada Buddhist monks were at the forefront of the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests, the uprising has been referred to as the Saffron Revolution by some in the international media. [21] [22] Hindu nationalism [ edit ] Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi and the RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat in saffron robes Saffron flags in an election rally of the Bharatiya Janata Party In Rajasthani, this colour is called kesariya. The word derives its name from kesar, the Hindustani name for saffron, an important crop in Kashmir.
Blue, the colour of revolt and dalit politics
Some scholars interpret the first word of the mantra oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ to be auṃ, with a meaning similar to Hinduism – the totality of sound, existence, and consciousness. [110] [111] The color Saffron ( Hindi: भगवा, romanized: Bhagawā) is considered as a sacred color in Hinduism. According to Hindu mythology, Saffron (or Kesariya) is the color of Sunset ( Sandhya) and Fire ( Agni) which symbolises sacrifice, light, and quest of salvation. [6] The color is worn by Hindu saints and ascetics as their devotion toward the religion. [7] Many Hindu kingdoms and dynasties had Saffron color in their flag denoting the Sanātana Dharma, including Maratha Empire. Katha Upanishad 1.2.15-1.2.16 [66] Maitri Upanishad [ edit ] A Pahari painting of Om ( ओं), c. 1780-1800, decorated with deities: Shiva and Shakti (could be Vaishnavi or Siddhidatri); Vishnu and Lakshmi seated upon Shesha; Harihara (Vishnu-Shiva fusion deity); Brahma; and Dattatreya as a representation of the Trimurti (top-to-bottom, left-to-right) is speech, states the text, and sāman ( सामन्) is breath; they are pairs, and because they have love for each other, speech and breath find themselves together and mate to produce a song. [55] [56] The highest song is Om, asserts section 1.1 of Chandogya Upanishad. It is the symbol of awe, of reverence, of threefold knowledge because Adhvaryu invokes it, the Hotr recites it, and Udgatr sings it. [56] [57] Deb, Harit Krishna (1921). "The Svastika and the Oṁkāra". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal. 17 (3): 231–247.
According to the editors of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Sanātana Dharma historically referred to the "eternal" duties religiously ordained in Hinduism, duties such as honesty, refraining from injuring living beings ( ahiṃsā), purity, goodwill, mercy, patience, forbearance, self-restraint, generosity, and asceticism. These duties applied regardless of a Hindu's class, caste, or sect, and they contrasted with svadharma, one's "own duty", in accordance with one's class or caste (varṇa) and stage in life ( puruṣārtha). [web 3] In recent years, the term has been used by Hindu leaders, reformers, and nationalists to refer to Hinduism. Sanatana dharma has become a synonym for the "eternal" truth and teachings of Hinduism, that transcend history and are "unchanging, indivisible and ultimately nonsectarian". [web 3] Kumar, S.; Nagendra, H.R.; Manjunath, N.K.; Naveen, K.V.; Telles, S. (2010). "Meditation on OM: Relevance from ancient texts and contemporary science". International Journal of Yoga. 3 (1): 2–5. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.66771. PMC 2952121. PMID 20948894. S2CID 2631383. Swami Narayanananda (1960). The Primal Power in Man: The Kundalini Shakti. Health Research Books. ISBN 9780787306311. Oṅkāra ( ओङ्कार) or oṃkāra ( ओंकार); literally, " Om-maker", denoting the first source of the sound Om and connoting the act of creation. [21] [22] [23] [24]C. Alexander Simpkins; Annellen M. Simpkins (2009). Meditation for Therapists and Their Clients. W.W. Norton. p.158. ISBN 978-0-393-70565-2. Saffron-coloured cloth had a history of use among the Gaelic-Irish. A saffron kilt is worn by the pipers of certain Irish regiments in the British Army, and the saffron léine in the defence forces of the Republic of Ireland. The latter garment is also worn by some Irish and Irish-American men as an item of national costume (though most wear kilts, believing them to be Irish). Its colour varies from a true saffron orange to a range of dull mustard and yellowish-brown hues. Buddhist monks in the Theravada tradition typically wear saffron robes (although occasionally maroon— the color normally worn by Vajrayana Buddhist monks— is worn). The tone of saffron typically worn by Theravada Buddhist monks is the lighter tone of saffron shown above. connect the glorious past of the German Empire to the powerful rebirth of the German nation. Together they embody the power of the state and the inner solidarity of the national circles of the German people!” Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President and second President, described the significance of the Indian National Flag as follows:
The colour saffron is associated with the goddess of dawn ( Eos in Greek mythology and Aurora in Roman mythology) in classical literature: Cymon and Iphigeneia c. 1884 by Frederic Leighton - saffron suffuses the canvas at sunrise a b c Doniger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions. Merriam-Webster. p.500. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0 . Retrieved 23 September 2015. Basanti turbans are associated with the Khalistan movement in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. [11] Even otherwise Basanti turbans are commonly used by Sikhs and not all wearing Basanti turban should be associated with separatist movement. The Proto-Iranian sound change *s> h occurred between 850 and 600 BCE, according to Asko Parpola. [49] According to Gavin Flood, "The actual term Hindu first occurs as a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)", [45] more specifically in the 6th-century BCE inscription of Darius I (550–486 BCE). [50] The term Hindu in these ancient records is a geographical term and did not refer to a religion. [45] Thapar states that the word Hindu is found as heptahindu in Avesta – equivalent to Rigvedic sapta sindhu, while hndstn (pronounced Hindustan) is found in a Sasanian inscription from the 3rd century CE, both of which refer to parts of northwestern South Asia. [51] In Arabic texts, al-Hind referred to the land beyond the Indus [52] and therefore, all the people in that land were Hindus. [53] This Arabic term was itself taken from the pre-Islamic Persian term Hindū. By the 13th century, Hindustan emerged as a popular alternative name of India, meaning the "land of Hindus". [54] Parpola, Asko (2015). The Roots of Hinduism: the Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization. New York. ISBN 9780190226909. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)
Red and saffron
Hundreds of (allegedly) Hindu men marched through Green Lane Road as part of an unplanned protest, some of whom were masked and carrying weapons. Eyewitnesses say some were chanting “Jai Shri Ram,” which has also been captured in video footage. Other footage also shows someone tearing down a flag from a Hindu temple and another such Hindu flag being lit on fire. Elst, Koenraad (2001), The Saffron Swastika: The Notion of "Hindu Fascism", Voice of India, ISBN 978-81-85990-69-9 The Maitrayaniya Upanishad in sixth Prapathakas (lesson) discusses the meaning and significance of Om. The text asserts that Om represents Brahman-Atman. The three roots of the syllable, states the Maitri Upanishad, are A + U + M. [67] a b Baroni, Helen J. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism. Rosen Publishing. p.240. ISBN 978-0-8239-2240-6. The saffron-breasted prinia ( Prinia hypoxantha) is a passerine bird found in eastern South Africa and Swaziland.
Saraswati, Chinmayananda (1987). Glory of Ganesha. Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust. ISBN 978-8175973589. a b c d Ragini Sen; Wolfgang Wagner; Caroline Howarth (30 September 2013). Secularism and Religion in Multi-faith Societies: The Case of India. Springer Science & Business Media. pp.37–38. ISBN 978-3-319-01922-2. Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism associate saffron with the pious renunciation of material life. [8] [9] [10]Akṣara ( अक्षर); literally, "imperishable, immutable", and also "letter of the alphabet" or "syllable". Om (or Aum) ( listen ⓘ; Sanskrit: ॐ, ओम्, romanized: Oṃ, ISO15919: Ōṁ) is a symbol representing a sacred sound, syllable, mantra, and an invocation in Hinduism. [1] [2] Its written representation is one of the most important symbols of Hinduism. [3] It is variously said to be the essence of the supreme Absolute, [2] consciousness, [4] [5] [6] Ātman, Brahman, or the cosmic world. [7] [8] [9] In Indic traditions, Om serves as a sonic representation of the divine, a standard of Vedic authority and a central aspect of soteriological doctrines and practices. [10] The syllable is often found at the beginning and the end of chapters in the Vedas, the Upanishads, and other Hindu texts. [9] King Purūravā Enchanted by Urvaśī". Bhāgavata Purāṇa, Canto 9. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc. T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1993), Elements of Hindu Iconography, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120808775, p. 248
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