Win at All Costs: Inside Nike Running and Its Culture of Deception

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Eissa points to the Enron meltdown and subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 as examples of workplace cultures where management and employees neglected ethics and focused on the bottom-line, resulting in disastrous consequences. "In fact," said Eissa "previous research indicated that Enron's employee environment had been described as 'aggressive'."

Few people noticed at the time, but in that case, Bush v. Gore, Chief Justice William Rehnquist, along with Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, hinted at a radical reading of the Constitution that, two decades later, undergirds many of the court challenges on behalf of Trump. In a concurring opinion, the Justices argued that state legislatures have the plenary power to run elections and can even pass laws giving themselves the right to appoint electors. Today, the so-called Independent Legislature Doctrine has informed Trump and the right’s attempts to use Republican-dominated state legislatures to overrule the popular will. Nathaniel Persily, an election-law expert at Stanford, told me, “It’s giving intellectual respectability to an otherwise insane, anti-democratic argument.” Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005. Chapter 2. In: General duties of employee and persons in control of places of work; 2005. [cited 2018 Jan]; Available from: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2005/act/10/enacted/en/print#sec13. Bhambhani Y, Mactavish J, Warren S, Thompson WR, Webborn A, Bressan E, et al. Boosting in athletes with high-level spinal cord injury: knowledge, incidence and attitudes of athletes in paralympic sport. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(26):2172–90.

Manage Competitive Arousal

Perhaps those elements remind you of the feeling surrounding the England Football Team at Euro 2020. The considered approach has been ‘everyone has a part to play’, ‘a chance to create history’, ‘we’re enjoying the moment and want to be here until the end’. Players and former players have compared this environment favourably with the pressure of expectation that England teams of the past may have felt. This notion is reminiscent of Fletcher and Sarkar’s (2014) work, that resilience is the ‘interactive influence of psychological characteristics within the context of the stress process’. Mitchell argues that the right spends “a pittance” on election issues compared with the left. “Have you looked at the Democracy Alliance?” she asked me. The Alliance, whose membership is secret, distributes hundreds of millions of dollars in dark money to many left-leaning causes. But, when it comes to influencing elections, the contrast with the Bradley Foundation is clear. Whereas the Alliance’s efforts have centered on increasing voter participation, the Bradley Foundation has focussed on disqualifying ostensibly illegitimate voters.

Articles reporting second-hand data only (i.e. review papers, editorials, letters, books, book chapters, conference papers, theses and other unpublished works) Ekenman I, Hassmén P, Koivula N, Rolf C, Felländer-Tsai L. Stress fractures of the tibia: can personality traits help us detect the injury-prone athlete? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11(2):87–95.

What Does ‘Winning at All Costs’ Mean?

From the social dimension, the mass media can reinforce the image of the sport person by providing visual cues to audiences thus contributing to its role of “televised sports manhood formula” [ 163]. Some audiences prefer seeing sport violence that emphasises masculine hegemony [ 164] and this can, in turn, shape elite athletes’ behaviour. Even in female sport, a macho masculine-defined culture can be identified in the attitudes towards pain and injury [ 165]. The competitive culture driven by wider societal expectations of elite sport has become entrenched as one primary aspect of its own organisational culture. However, this situation can be augmented by adopting practices that engender a positive OSH culture, particularly in the processes relating to communication and consultation. Cusimano [ 139] deduced that long-term exposure to educational opportunities through coaches, parents and the media can make a bigger difference than short-term educational programmes. The active involvement of athletes’ families in the OSH process is essential to enhance their long-term wellbeing [ 166, 167]. It is essential for researchers to focus more on specific groups of elite athletes and their social milieu [ 162] to improve athletes’ OSH awareness multi-dimensionally. Individual factors Fuller CW, Hawkins RD. Assessment of football grounds for player safety. Saf Sci. 1997;27(2–3):115–28. Game of Shadows meets Shoe Dog in this explosive behind-the-scenes look that reveals for the first time the unsettling details of Nike's secret running program—the Nike Oregon Project. Román, P. Á. L., Pinillos, F. G., & Robles, J. L. (2018). Early sport dropout: high performance in early years in young athletes is not related with later success. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (33), 210-212. Kurowski BM, Pomerantz WJM, Schaiper CM, Gittelman MAM. Factors that influence concussion knowledge and self-reported attitudes in high school athletes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77(3):S12–S7.

Meyers MC, Higgs R, LeUnes AD, Bourgeois AE, Laurent CM. Pain-coping traits of nontraditional women athletes: relevance to optimal treatment and rehabilitation. J Athl Train. 2015;50(10):1034–41.

The spark that ignited the Arizona audit was an amateur video, taken on Election Night, of an unidentified female voter outside a polling place in what Kristin Clark recognized as Hoffman’s district. The voter claimed that election workers had tried to sabotage her ballot by deliberately giving her a Sharpie that the electronic scanners couldn’t read. Her claim was false: the scanners could read Sharpie ink, and the ballots had been designed so that the flip side wouldn’t be affected if the ink bled through. Nevertheless, the video went viral. Among the first to spread the Sharpiegate conspiracy was another one of Charlie Kirk’s youth groups, Students for Trump. The next day, as Trump furiously insisted he had won an election that he ended up losing by roughly seven million votes, protesters staged angry rallies in Maricopa County, where ballots were still being counted. Adding an aura of legal credibility to the conspiracy theory, Adams, the Public Interest Legal Foundation president, immediately filed suit against Maricopa County, alleging that a Sharpie-using voter he represented had been disenfranchised. The case was soon dismissed, but not before Adams tweeted, “ just filed to have our client’s right to #vote upheld. Her #Sharpie ballot was cancelled without cure.” Arizona’s attorney general, Mark Brnovich, a Republican, investigated, and his office took only a day to conclude that the Sharpie story was nonsense. But, by then, many Trump supporters no longer trusted Arizona’s election results. Clark, the former Democratic challenger to Hoffman, told me that she watched in horror as “they took B.S. and made it real!” Studies that did not focus on player health (i.e. studies focused on coaches’ health were excluded) Another whistleblower in the case was former NOP runner Kara Goucher. Last year, in a separate scandal, Goucher revealed that Nike unexpectedly stopped paying her salary when she became pregnant in 2010. Hart reports that Capriotti took Goucher out for a celebratory dinner when she became pregnant and assured Salazar, her coach, that Nike wouldn’t freeze her contract as long as she “stayed relevant” by making media appearances. Goucher complied, but Nike stopped paying her anyway. Capriotti subsequently denied ever making any such promise. Hence: asshole. Castanier C, Le Scanff C, Woodman T. Who takes risks in high-risk sports? A typological personality approach. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2010;81(4):478–84. Norcross MF, Johnson ST, Bovbjerg VE, Koester MC, Hoffman MA. Factors influencing high school coaches’ adoption of injury prevention programs. J Sci Med Sport. 2016;19(4):299–304.